Relational algebra operators

Symbol Meaning Type
σSelectUnary
πProjectUnary
ρRenameUnary
UnionBinary
IntersectBinary
-Set differenceBinary
×Cross productBinary
JoinBinary
*Natural joinBinary
Left outer joinBinary
Right outer joinBinary
÷DivisionBinary
MariaDB documentation for SELECT statements (PDF, 513 KB)
MariaDB documentation for built-in functions (PDF, 2.54 MB)

SQL SELECT syntax

Quick reference for SELECT syntax. More complete documentation provided in the link above.

SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW] [HIGH_PRIORITY] [STRAIGHT_JOIN] [SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT] [SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS] select_expr [, select_expr ...] [ FROM table_references [WHERE where_condition] [GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]] [HAVING where_condition] [ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC], ...] [LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset [ROWS EXAMINED rows_limit] } | [OFFSET start { ROW | ROWS }] [FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } { ONLY | WITH TIES }] ] procedure|[PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)] [INTO OUTFILE 'file_name' [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [export_options] | INTO DUMPFILE 'file_name' | INTO var_name [, var_name] ] [FOR UPDATE lock_option | LOCK IN SHARE MODE lock_option]

export_options: [{FIELDS | COLUMNS} [TERMINATED BY 'string'] [[OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY 'char'] [ESCAPED BY 'char'] ] [LINES [STARTING BY 'string'] [TERMINATED BY 'string'] ]

lock_option: [WAIT n | NOWAIT | SKIP LOCKED]